An agile mindset is important for your success

You think you just don't have the talent and skills to start your own business, for example? You are just not a physics guy? The project is too difficult and there is no point at all if you start with it? These questions point to a Fixed Mindset.

People with a Fixed Mindset assume that your skills and competencies are innate and unchangeable. They believe that you must work within these predetermined boundaries. In contrast, people with a Growth Mindset believe that they are capable of change. They learn from their mistakes and can accept setbacks and gain new insights from them.

   Success or failure - purely a matter of luck?

To understand our own successes and failures, we often ask ourselves why we succeeded or failed. Depending on the explanation we give ourselves for this, we are subsequently less or more motivated to tackle further tasks. The decisive factor is therefore to whom or what we attribute the causes.

Every cause for success and failure can be classified. Thereby we distinguish 3 areas:

# Place of attribution: Where is the cause - inside or outside of me?

# Stability: Does the cause remain stable or can it change in the future?

# Controllability: Do I have the cause under control or not?

Example:
Let's take the example of the exam. You have written a very good grade. If you think to yourself afterwards: " I was lucky", you have attributed as follows:

# Place of attribution: External - after all, it was just luck and had nothing to do with your performance.

# Stability: Unstable - because knows whether you will have next time again luck

# Controllability: Uncontrollable - luck is seen here as a coincidence and cannot be controlled

   What are the implications of attribution?

It becomes problematic when people attribute their failures to stable and uncontrollable causes. "I am untalented and stupid!" (internal, stable, uncontrollable) or "Programming is too difficult for me!" (external, stable, uncontrollable). These are conceivably bad conditions for motivation. Because these factors seem to be unchangeable and it seems as if we cannot change anything. If success is therefore attributed to chance or luck, we do not feel self-effective but subject to unchangeable circumstances.

We have the best motivational conditions when we attribute our successes to internal and stable causes. "If I learn a lot, I can also be successful!" (internal, stable, controllable); "I am gifted!" (internal, stable, uncontrollable). This means we attribute our success to our effort and our abilities, for example. This increases our confidence in our own ability to perform and our self-efficacy beliefs increase. So we learn that it makes a big difference how we see things.

Fatal constellation for motivation:

# Low ability
# Low self-efficacy: "I can't do this".
# Causal attribution: internal, stable and uncontrollable (low aptitude)

"I can't do it and I'll never learn because I'm too stupid."

Influence through persuasion

When people believe that they have no influence on whether they succeed or fail, they feel helpless. With repeated experience of having no control or influence over the outcome of an action, helplessness sets in.

  The attribution theory after Weiner´s

Motivation - the "driving force" of goal-oriented action

Motivation is an inner state. It is the energy that moves us to learn and gives direction to our actions. The humanistic approach to motivation states that people can develop and use their resources well if they experience themselves as competent, valuable and self-determined and can realize themselves. How can we create the basis for this? When do we experience ourselves as competent and successful?

   Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Why we are motivated can have different reasons. For example, if you are very interested in the ancient era and like to read everything you can find about it, we talk about intrinsic motivation. You act here out of your own motivation because you want to know and understand more about it. You enjoy working your way into the field.

If antiquity is an exam subject in your studies and you are actually more interested in modern times, you are not learning out of your own interest, but rather out of the consequences you expect from your learning. It is about a grade, about progress in your studies. Here we speak of extrinsic motivation. Your interest actually lies elsewhere and so you lack the joy for the actual thing. Concentration is lower than in the case of intrinsic motivation.

Intrinsic motivaion => I do a thing for its self sake
Extrinsic motivation => I do a thing because I expect consequences from it

Figure: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation (from: Digital Competence & Self-Management, Obexer 2019).

   Concentration

If we are extrinsically motivated or lack motivation altogether, this has an impact on our concentration. The same applies to nervousness, fatigue or thoughts that cause us to digress. Here we speak of inner concentration disorders.
But if we are distracted by our environment, e.g. by media, or because it is too loud or too quiet, the seat is uncomfortable or the room too warm, then we have an external concentration disorder.

Only if we eliminate the disruptive factors, good concentration is possible.
10 simple tips on how to boost your concentration:

• Get enough sleep
• Switch off cell phone or set to silent
• Ensure sufficient (day) light
• Tidy workspace
• Stay Focused - Keep your learning goals in sight
• Alternate sitting and standing positions
• Take movement breaks
• Ventilate - fresh air supplies the brain with oxygen
• Quiet surroundings or concentration music
• Changing your perspective on the subject and encouraging intrinsic motivation